Reptiles

Reptiles, a remarkable group of cold-blooded vertebrates, have roamed the Earth for hundreds of millions of years, adapting and thriving in various ecosystems. Found on every continent except Antarctica, reptiles encompass a wide range of species, from the awe-inspiring crocodiles and venomous snakes to the colorful chameleons and graceful sea turtles.

These creatures are known for their scaly skin, laying eggs, and regulating their body temperature through external sources like the sun. In this exploration of reptiles, we’ll embark on a journey to uncover their incredible diversity, unique adaptations, and the vital roles they play in ecosystems worldwide. Join us as we delve into the fascinating world of reptiles, where ancient lineage meets modern survival strategies.

Characteristics

Scaly Skin: Reptiles are characterized by their tough, scaly skin that provides protection against environmental elements and helps prevent water loss.

Ectothermic (Cold-Blooded): Unlike mammals, reptiles are ectothermic, which means they rely on external sources of heat, such as the sun, to regulate their body temperature.

Laying Eggs: Most reptiles reproduce by laying eggs, which often have leathery shells. Some species, like certain snakes and lizards, give birth to live young, but egg-laying is a common reptilian trait.

Lungs: Reptiles typically have well-developed lungs for breathing air. Some species also have adaptations for extracting oxygen from water, like aquatic turtles.

Three-Chambered Heart: Reptiles generally possess a three-chambered heart, which partially separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This heart structure is less efficient than the four-chambered heart of mammals and birds.

Sensory Organs: Reptiles often have specialized sensory organs, including keen eyesight and a keen sense of smell. These adaptations aid in hunting, navigation, and communication.

External Fertilization: In many reptile species, fertilization occurs externally, with males depositing sperm onto eggs after they are laid. However, there are exceptions, such as some species of boas and pythons, which have internal fertilization.

Carnivores, Herbivores, and Omnivores: Reptiles exhibit a range of dietary preferences. While some are strict carnivores, preying on other animals, others are herbivores, primarily consuming plant matter. Some reptiles are opportunistic omnivores, eating both plants and animals.

Diverse Habitats: Reptiles are highly adaptable and can be found in various habitats, including deserts, forests, grasslands, wetlands, and oceans.

Basking Behavior: Many reptiles engage in basking behavior, where they expose themselves to sunlight to raise their body temperature. This behavior helps them remain active and digest food effectively.

Predatory Behavior: Predation is a common aspect of reptilian behavior. Snakes, for instance, use venom or constriction to capture prey, while some lizards employ stealth and ambush tactics.

Burrowing and Climbing: Some reptiles are adapted for burrowing underground, while others are skilled climbers, allowing them to access different food sources and evade predators.

Role In Ecosystems

Predators: Reptiles are important predators in various ecosystems, helping control populations of prey species, such as insects, rodents, and other small animals.

Prey: Many reptiles serve as prey for larger predators, including birds, mammals, and other reptiles, contributing to food webs.

Ecosystem Engineers: Some reptiles, like tortoises, play a role as ecosystem engineers by creating burrows or nests that can provide habitat for other animals.

Seed Dispersal: Certain reptiles, such as iguanas and turtles, consume fruits and vegetation, aiding in the dispersal of seeds and promoting plant diversity.

Scavengers: Scavenging reptiles help clean up carrion and decaying organic matter, contributing to nutrient recycling within ecosystems.

Trophic Interactions: Reptiles occupy various trophic levels, connecting different components of food webs and influencing species interactions and population dynamics.

Cultural Significance: In some cultures, reptiles hold cultural and symbolic significance, influencing human traditions, beliefs, and practices.

Indicator Species: Changes in reptile populations can serve as indicators of ecosystem health, reflecting alterations in habitat conditions and environmental quality.

Habitat Creation: Reptiles often modify their habitats by digging burrows, creating nests, or basking in specific locations, influencing microenvironments within ecosystems.

Regulation of Pest Populations: Some reptiles, such as snakes, help control pest populations, reducing the impact of pests on crops and ecosystems.

Seed Predation: While consuming fruits, some reptiles may act as seed predators, influencing plant reproduction and community composition.

Thermoregulation: Reptiles are ectothermic and rely on external sources of heat. Their behaviors, such as basking, can influence microclimate and energy flow within ecosystems.

Species

North America is home to a remarkable variety of reptile species, each uniquely evolved to thrive in its distinct habitat. With over 400 different reptilian species found across the continent, ranging from snakes and turtles to lizards and alligators, North America has become a treasure trove for herpetologists and nature enthusiasts alike.

From the mesmerizing patterns of a rattlesnake’s scales to the stealthy movements of a lanky anole, we will discover the remarkable adaptations that have allowed North American reptiles to survive and thrive in diverse environments.

Alabama Map Turtle

The Alabama Map Turtle is a freshwater turtle species native to the southeastern United States. It possesses a distinct shell pattern resembling the topographic lines of a map, which gives it its name. These turtles prefer habitats with moderate currents and a rocky substrate, and they are skilled swimmers and baskers, often seen sunning themselves on logs or rocks near the water’s edge.

Alligator Snapping Turtle

The Alligator Snapping Turtle is a large aquatic turtle species known for its powerful jaws and prehistoric appearance. Found primarily in the southeastern United States, it is one of the largest freshwater turtles in the world. It spends most of its time in the water, lying motionless with its mouth open, using a worm-like appendage on its tongue to attract prey.

American Alligator

The American Alligator is a reptile species native to the southeastern United States and is well-known for its large size and intimidating appearance. It can reach lengths of over 10 feet and weigh several hundred pounds. American alligators inhabit various aquatic habitats such as swamps, rivers, and lakes, and they are apex predators, feeding on fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals.

American Crocodile

The American Crocodile is a fascinating reptile species primarily found in coastal areas of southern Florida. It is a threatened species and is known for its long, narrow snout and ability to tolerate saltwater environments. Compared to its relative, the American Alligator, the American Crocodile has a more slender body and is adapted to a more marine lifestyle. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of coastal habitats.

Arizona Ridgenose Rattlesnake

The Arizona Ridgenose Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species native to the southwestern United States. It is characterized by its upturned snout, which gives it a distinctive appearance. These rattlesnakes thrive in arid desert regions and are known for their venomous bite. They are expert hunters, using their heat-sensing pits and rattles to detect and subdue their prey.

Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle

The Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle, also known as Kemp’s Ridley Turtle, is a critically endangered species found in the Atlantic Ocean. It is the smallest and most rare of all sea turtle species. These turtles are known for their synchronized nesting behavior, where thousands of females come ashore simultaneously to lay their eggs. Their conservation is of utmost importance to protect their fragile population and ensure the survival of this remarkable species.

Atlantic Salt Marsh Snake

The Atlantic Salt Marsh Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States. It has adapted to its unique habitat and preys on small invertebrates. Due to habitat loss and degradation, this snake species is considered threatened.

Baird’s Rat Snake

Baird’s Rat Snake, also known as the Central American Rat Snake, is a species of non-venomous snake found in Central America. It has a slender body and is known for its vibrant coloration, often displaying shades of red, orange, and yellow. It primarily feeds on small mammals and birds.

Baja Blue Rock Lizard

The Baja Blue Rock Lizard is a reptile species found in the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. It is known for its striking blue coloration and is well-adapted to rocky habitats. These lizards are diurnal and feed on a variety of small invertebrates.

Baja California Lyresnake

The Baja California Lyresnake is a species of venomous snake found in the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. It is known for its distinct lyre-shaped markings on its back. These snakes primarily feed on small mammals and birds and are adapted to arid desert environments.

Baja California Rattlesnake

The Baja California Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species endemic to the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. It has a stout body and is known for its distinctive rattling sound, produced by its tail. These rattlesnakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including desert areas and rocky slopes.

Banded Rock Rattlesnake

The Banded Rock Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is named after the distinct banding pattern on its body. These rattlesnakes prefer rocky habitats and feed on small mammals, birds, and lizards.

Banded Water Snake

The Banded Water Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in various aquatic habitats throughout North America. It has dark crossbands on its body and is an excellent swimmer. These snakes primarily feed on fish, amphibians, and invertebrates.

Barbour’s Map Turtle

Barbour’s Map Turtle is a freshwater turtle species found in the southeastern United States. It is named after American herpetologist Thomas Barbour. These turtles have a dark shell with yellow lines and markings, similar to other map turtle species. They inhabit rivers and streams and have a diet consisting of aquatic plants, insects, and small aquatic animals.

Black knobbed Map Turtle

The Black knobbed Map Turtle, also known as the Mississippi Map Turtle, is a freshwater turtle species found in the southern United States. It has a black shell with yellow lines and knobs, giving it its distinctive appearance. These turtles inhabit rivers and prefer areas with strong currents. Their diet consists of aquatic plants, insects, and small invertebrates.

Black Racer

The Black Racer is a non-venomous snake species found throughout much of the United States. It is known for its glossy black coloration and slender body. These snakes are incredibly fast and agile, often found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and even urban areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Blackneck Garter Snake

The Blackneck Garter Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It is characterized by a black stripe running down the neck and a striped pattern on its body. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including wetlands, forests, and grasslands. They primarily feed on small amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.

Blacktail Rattlesnake

The Blacktail Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the western United States and northern Mexico. It is named for the black coloration on the tip of its tail. These rattlesnakes inhabit diverse environments, ranging from deserts to mountains. They are known for their distinctive rattling sound and primarily feed on small mammals and birds.

Blanding’s Turtle

Blanding’s Turtle is a medium-sized freshwater turtle species native to North America. It has a domed shell with yellow spots and a bright yellow chin and throat. These turtles prefer habitats with clean, slow-moving waters such as marshes, ponds, and lakes. They have a varied diet consisting of aquatic plants, insects, crustaceans, and small vertebrates.

Blue Racer

The Blue Racer is a non-venomous snake species found in the central and eastern United States and parts of Canada. It is known for its vibrant blue-gray coloration and slender body. These snakes are highly active and agile, often found in grasslands and open areas. They feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Blue Spiny Lizard

The Blue Spiny Lizard, also known as the Eastern Fence Lizard, is a reptile species found in the southeastern United States. It has a spiky appearance and is known for its blue coloration, especially in males during the breeding season. These lizards are arboreal and can be found in forests, woodlands, and rocky habitats. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Bog Turtle

The Bog Turtle is a small freshwater turtle species endemic to the eastern United States. It is one of the smallest and rarest turtle species in North America. These turtles inhabit wetland areas such as bogs and marshes. They have a dark-colored shell and feed on a variety of invertebrates, plants, and fruits.

Bolson Tortoise

The Bolson Tortoise, also known as the Mexican Giant Tortoise, is a large tortoise species native to the Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico. It is known for its dome-shaped shell and can reach impressive sizes. These tortoises are herbivorous, feeding on various plant species. They are currently critically endangered due to habitat loss and illegal collection.

Broad-banded Copperhead

The Broad-banded Copperhead is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It is characterized by its broad, dark bands on its body and triangular-shaped head. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, swamps, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Broad-headed Skink

The Broad-headed Skink is a lizard species found in the southeastern United States. It has a large, triangular head and a robust body. These skinks prefer forested areas and are excellent climbers. They feed on a variety of prey, including insects, small vertebrates, and fruits.

Brown Anole

The Brown Anole, also known as the Bahaman Anole, is a small lizard species native to the Bahamas and introduced to several parts of the United States. It is known for its ability to change color, displaying various shades of brown and green. These anoles are often found in urban and suburban areas, as well as natural habitats. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Brush Lizard

The Brush Lizard, also known as the Red-headed Rock Agama, is a lizard species native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and a vibrant red head in males during the breeding season. These lizards are often found on rocks and boulders in arid environments. They feed on insects and other small arthropods.

Bullsnake

The Bullsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in central and western North America. It is a large snake with a robust body and can reach impressive lengths. Bullsnakes are excellent burrowers and are often found in grasslands, prairies, and desert regions. They feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles, including rattlesnakes.

Butler’s Garter Snake

Butler’s Garter Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the Great Lakes region of the United States and parts of Canada. It has a slender body and is characterized by its yellow or orange stripes. These snakes inhabit various habitats, including wetlands, grasslands, and forests. They primarily feed on small amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.

Buttermilk Racer

The Buttermilk Racer is a non-venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It is known for its pale yellow or cream-colored body, which gives it its name. These racers are excellent climbers and are often found in trees, shrubs, and tall grasses. They feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

California Kingsnake

The California Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in the western United States and parts of Mexico. It is known for its glossy black body with white or cream-colored bands. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, and deserts. They are constrictors and feed on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

California Red-Sided Garter Snake

The California Red-Sided Garter Snake is a non-venomous snake species endemic to California. It is known for its vibrant red and black coloration on its sides. These garter snakes are semi-aquatic and are often found near water bodies such as streams, ponds, and marshes. They primarily feed on amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.

Carolina Pigmy Rattlesnake

The Carolina Pigmy Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It is a small rattlesnake with a distinct rattle on its tail. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, swamps, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Cat-eyed Snake

The Cat-eyed Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in parts of North and South America. It is named for its vertical pupils, resembling those of a cat. These snakes are arboreal and are often found in trees and shrubs. They feed on small vertebrates, including birds, lizards, and frogs.

Checked Garter Snake

The Checked Garter Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It is characterized by its black or brown body with yellow or orange checkered patterns. These garter snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and wetlands. They primarily feed on amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.

Chicken Turtle

The Chicken Turtle is a freshwater turtle species found in the southeastern United States. It is named for the taste of its meat, which reportedly resembles chicken. These turtles have a flattened, olive-brown shell and are often found in shallow, muddy habitats such as swamps and ponds. They are omnivorous and feed on both plant material and small animals.

Chuckwalla

The Chuckwalla is a lizard species found in the arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is known for its robust body and its ability to inflate itself as a defense mechanism. These lizards prefer rocky habitats and are excellent climbers. They primarily feed on vegetation and plant material.

Coast Garter Snake

The Coast Garter Snake is a non-venomous snake species found along the Pacific coast of North America, from California to British Columbia. It has a slender body and is known for its distinct coloration, featuring stripes and spots. These snakes inhabit various coastal habitats, including marshes, grasslands, and woodlands. They primarily feed on amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.

Coast Horned Lizard

The Coast Horned Lizard, also known as the Coast Horned Toad, is a lizard species found along the Pacific coast of North America. It has a spiky appearance and a wide range of color variations. These lizards are adapted to arid environments and can be found in sandy or rocky areas. They primarily feed on ants and other small invertebrates.

Coast Patch-Nosed Snake

The Coast Patch-Nosed Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is named for the unique patch-like scales on its nose. These snakes inhabit desert areas and can be found in sandy or rocky habitats. They primarily feed on lizards, small mammals, and birds.

Collared Lizard

The Collared Lizard is a lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is named for the distinct collar of scales around its neck. These lizards are often brightly colored, with variations of green, brown, and yellow. They are excellent climbers and are commonly found on rocks and trees. Collared lizards primarily feed on insects, spiders, and small vertebrates.

Common Caiman

The Common Caiman, also known as the Spectacled Caiman, is a crocodilian species native to Central and South America. It is a medium-sized crocodilian with bony plates on its back and distinctive bony ridges around its eyes. These caimans inhabit freshwater environments such as rivers, lakes, and swamps. They are carnivorous and feed on fish, amphibians, and small mammals.

Common Cantil

The Common Cantil, also known as the Mexican Cantil, is a venomous snake species found in Mexico and parts of Central America. It has a stout body and is known for its triangular-shaped head. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and swamps. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Common Garter Snake

The Common Garter Snake is a non-venomous snake species found throughout North America. It is known for its long and slender body, with three distinct longitudinal stripes. These garter snakes inhabit a wide range of habitats, including grasslands, wetlands, and woodlands. They are highly adaptable and feed on a variety of prey, including amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.

Common Iguana

The Common Iguana, also known as the Green Iguana, is a large lizard species found in Central and South America. It is known for its vibrant green coloration and a crest of spines along its back. These iguanas are arboreal and are often found in trees near bodies of water. They primarily feed on leaves, fruits, and flowers.

Common Map Turtle

The Common Map Turtle is a freshwater turtle species found in North America. It is named for the intricate pattern on its shell, resembling a map. These turtles inhabit rivers, lakes, and ponds with slow-moving water. They are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of aquatic plants, insects, and small vertebrates.

Common Musk Turtle

The Common Musk Turtle, also known as the Stinkpot Turtle, is a small freshwater turtle species found in North America. It has a domed shell and is named for its ability to release a strong musky odor as a defense mechanism. These turtles prefer shallow bodies of water with vegetation. They primarily feed on small invertebrates and plant material.

Common Rat Snake

The Common Rat Snake, also known as the Black Rat Snake, is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It is a large snake with a slender body and can vary in coloration. These snakes inhabit a wide range of habitats, including forests, fields, and farmlands. They primarily feed on rodents, birds, eggs, and other small vertebrates.

Common Snapping Turtle

The Common Snapping Turtle is a large freshwater turtle species found in North America. It is known for its powerful jaws and aggressive behavior. These turtles inhabit various aquatic habitats, including lakes, rivers, and swamps. They are opportunistic feeders, consuming both plant and animal matter.

Cooter

Cooter is a common name used to refer to various species of freshwater turtles, particularly those from the genus Pseudemys. They are found in North America and are known for their characteristic hinged shells and webbed feet. Cooters inhabit freshwater habitats such as rivers, ponds, and marshes. They are herbivorous, feeding on aquatic plants and vegetation.

Corn Snake

The Corn Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It is popular in the pet trade due to its docile nature and attractive color patterns. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, fields, and abandoned buildings. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Crested Anole

The Crested Anole, also known as the Crested Basilisk or Jesus Christ Lizard, is a lizard species found in Central America. It is known for the crest of scales on its head and its ability to run on water for short distances. These anoles are arboreal and are often found in trees and shrubs. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Crevice Spiny Lizard

The Crevice Spiny Lizard is a lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body with spiky scales along its back. These lizards are adapted to rocky habitats and are excellent climbers. They primarily feed on insects and other small arthropods.

Curly tailed Lizard

The Curly-tailed Lizard is a lizard species found in the Caribbean and parts of Florida. It is named for its distinctive curled tail. These lizards inhabit various habitats, including coastal areas, rocky cliffs, and even urban environments. They are omnivorous and feed on insects, fruits, and small vertebrates.

Desert Box Turtle

The Desert Box Turtle is a turtle species found in arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a high-domed shell and is well-adapted to desert environments. These turtles are primarily terrestrial but require access to water. They are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of plants, insects, and small animals.

Desert Grassland Whiptail

The Desert Grassland Whiptail, also known as the Checkered Whiptail, is a lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body with distinctive black and white checkered patterns. These whiptails are diurnal and are often found in grasslands and open areas. They primarily feed on insects and other small arthropods.

Desert Horned Lizard

The Desert Horned Lizard, also known as the Horny Toad, is a lizard species found in arid regions of North America. It is named for the horn-like protrusions on its head and body. These lizards have a unique ability to shoot blood from their eyes as a defense mechanism. They primarily feed on ants and other small invertebrates.

Desert Iguana

The Desert Iguana is a lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico desert regions. It has a spiky appearance and is well-adapted to arid environments. These iguanas are primarily herbivorous, feeding on various desert plants, fruits, and flowers.

Desert Kingsnake

The Desert Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a pattern of black and white bands or rings on its body. These snakes inhabit arid desert regions and are primarily nocturnal. They feed on a variety of prey, including rodents, lizards, and other snakes.

Desert Massasauga

The Desert Massasauga is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is a small rattlesnake with a distinct rattle on its tail. These snakes inhabit desert regions and are typically found in rocky areas or burrows. They primarily feed on small mammals and reptiles.

Desert Night Lizard

The Desert Night Lizard is a lizard species found in arid regions of North America. It has a small, stocky body and is well adapted to desert environments. These lizards are nocturnal and spend much of their time hidden in crevices or burrows. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Desert Spiny Lizard

The Desert Spiny Lizard is a lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and spiky scales along its back. These lizards are diurnal and are often seen basking in the sun on rocks or tree branches. They feed on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Desert Tortoise

The Desert Tortoise is a land-dwelling turtle species found in arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a high-domed shell and strong forelimbs for digging burrows. These tortoises are adapted to desert habitats and are known for their ability to conserve water. They primarily feed on vegetation, including grasses, cacti, and flowers.

Diamondback Terrapin

The Diamondback Terrapin is a turtle species found along the eastern coast of North America. It has a distinctive diamond-shaped pattern on its shell. These terrapins inhabit brackish water habitats, such as estuaries, marshes, and tidal creeks. They are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of aquatic plants, invertebrates, and small vertebrates.

Diamondback Water Snake

The Diamondback Water Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It has a pattern of dark diamond-shaped markings on its back. These snakes are primarily aquatic and can be found in various freshwater habitats, including lakes, ponds, and rivers. They feed on fish, amphibians, and other aquatic prey.

Dusky Pigmy Rattlesnake

The Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It is a small rattlesnake with a thick body and a distinct rattle on its tail. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, marshes, and grasslands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and lizards.

Eastern Box Turtle

The Eastern Box Turtle is a terrestrial turtle species found in eastern North America. It has a distinctive domed shell and a hinged plastron, allowing it to completely close its shell. These turtles inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, meadows, and wetlands. They are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of plants, insects, and small vertebrates.

Eastern Coral Snake

The Eastern Coral Snake is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It has brightly colored bands of red, yellow, and black along its body. These snakes inhabit wooded areas, often hiding under leaf litter or in burrows. They primarily feed on small snakes, lizards, and amphibians.

Eastern Cottonmouth

The Eastern Cottonmouth, also known as the Water Moccasin, is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It has a stout body and distinctive white coloring inside its mouth. These snakes inhabit aquatic environments, such as swamps, marshes, and slow-moving rivers. They primarily feed on fish, frogs, and small mammals.

Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake

The Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It is the largest venomous snake in North America, known for its diamond-shaped pattern and rattling tail. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including pine forests, coastal dunes, and swamps. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Eastern Fence Lizard

The Eastern Fence Lizard, also known as the Fence Swift or Blue Swift, is a lizard species found in eastern North America. It has a slender body and a spiky appearance. These lizards are commonly found on fences, trees, and rocks, basking in the sun. They primarily feed on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Eastern Glass Lizard

The Eastern Glass Lizard is a legless lizard species found in the eastern United States. Despite its name, it is not a true snake but a lizard with a long and slender body. It has smooth scales and is typically brown or gray in color. These lizards are often found in grasslands, fields, and open woodland areas. They are excellent burrowers and feed on a diet consisting mainly of insects, small rodents, and eggs.

Eastern Hognose Snake

The Eastern Hognose Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the eastern and central United States. It has a distinctive upturned snout and can vary in color from gray to brown or even orange. These snakes are known for their defensive behavior, which includes flattening their head, hissing, and even playing dead. They inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and sandy areas. Eastern Hognose Snakes primarily feed on amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals.

Eastern Indigo Snake

The Eastern Indigo Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It is the longest native snake species in North America, with some individuals reaching lengths of up to 8 feet. These snakes have a glossy blue-black coloration and smooth scales. They are primarily found in pine forests, scrublands, and marshy areas. Eastern Indigo Snakes are known to be powerful constrictors and feed on a variety of prey, including small mammals, birds, and other snakes.

Eastern Kingsnake

The Eastern Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in the eastern United States. It has a shiny black body with white or yellow bands or speckles. These snakes are adaptable and can be found in a wide range of habitats, including forests, wetlands, and grasslands. Eastern Kingsnakes are known for their ability to prey on other snakes, including venomous species. They also feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. Eastern Kingsnakes play an important role in controlling populations of rodents and other snakes in their ecosystem.

Eastern Mud Turtle

The Eastern Mud Turtle is a small freshwater turtle species found in eastern North America. It has a smooth shell and is well adapted to aquatic habitats. These turtles are typically found in ponds, marshes, and slow-moving streams. They are omnivorous, feeding on aquatic plants, insects, snails, and small fish.

Eastern Ribbon Snake

The Eastern Ribbon Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in eastern North America. It has a slender body with long stripes running down its back. These snakes are commonly found near water, such as streams, ponds, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small fish, frogs, and invertebrates.

Eastern Yellow-belly Racer

The Eastern Yellow-belly Racer is a non-venomous snake species found in the eastern United States. It has a slender body and can vary in color from brown or gray to olive or yellow. These snakes are known for their speed and agility, often darting quickly across open areas. They inhabit a variety of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and marshes. Eastern Yellow-belly Racers primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Emory’s Rat Snake

Emory’s Rat Snake, also known as the Great Plains Rat Snake, is a non-venomous snake species found in central and western North America. It has a relatively large and robust body with a pattern of dark brown or black blotches on a lighter background color. These snakes are excellent climbers and can be found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and rocky areas. Emory’s Rat Snakes primarily feed on rodents, birds, and eggs.

False Map Turtle

The False Map Turtle is a freshwater turtle species found in the central and eastern United States. It has a relatively flat shell and distinct pattern markings that resemble a map. These turtles are typically olive or brown in color with yellow or orange markings. False Map Turtles inhabit rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water with slow-moving currents. They are primarily carnivorous and feed on a diet consisting of insects, fish, crustaceans, and mollusks.

Five lined Skink

The Five lined Skink is a lizard species found in eastern North America. It has a slender body and is characterized by five distinct stripes running down its body, which may fade or become less visible in adult individuals. These skinks are primarily brown or black with a vibrant blue tail. They inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. Five-lined Skinks are diurnal and feed on a diet consisting of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Flat-tail Horned Lizard

The Flat-tail Horned Lizard, also known as the Pygmy Short-horned Lizard, is a small lizard species found in western North America. It has a rounded body and a short, flattened tail. These lizards are typically gray or brown with scattered spots or blotches. Flat-tail Horned Lizards are well adapted to arid environments and can be found in desert grasslands and shrublands. They primarily feed on ants and other small invertebrates.

Flattened Musk Turtle

The Flattened Musk Turtle is a small freshwater turtle species found in the southeastern United States. It has a flattened shell and a dark brown or black coloration. These turtles are known for their strong musky odor, which they emit when threatened. Flattened Musk Turtles inhabit slow-moving rivers, swamps, and marshes. They are primarily carnivorous and feed on a diet consisting of small aquatic invertebrates, fish, and amphibians.

Florida Banded Water Snake

The Florida Banded Water Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in Florida and parts of southern Georgia. It has a slender body and distinct dark bands on a lighter background color. These snakes are aquatic and are commonly found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including swamps, marshes, and ponds. Florida Banded Water Snakes primarily feed on fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates.

Florida Cottonmouth

The Florida Cottonmouth, also known as the Florida Water Moccasin, is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States, including Florida. It has a robust body and a triangular-shaped head. These snakes are typically dark brown or black with a lighter underside.

Florida Kingsnake

These snakes are known for their striking appearance, featuring a glossy black body with yellow or white bands. The Florida Kingsnake inhabits a variety of habitats, including forests, swamps, marshes, and grasslands. They are non-venomous constrictors and feed on a diet consisting of rodents, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

Florida Redbelly Turtle

As the name suggests, the Florida Redbelly Turtle is characterized by their distinctive red or orange-red plastron (underside of the shell). Their carapace (upper shell) varies in color, ranging from olive to dark brown.

Florida Softshell

The Florida Softshell Turtle is a freshwater turtle species found in the southeastern United States. It has a flat, pancake-like shell and a long, snorkel-like nose. These turtles are adapted for an aquatic lifestyle and are commonly found in lakes, rivers, and marshes. They are carnivorous, feeding on fish, insects, and other aquatic prey.

Four-lined Skink

The Four-lined Skink is a small lizard species found in eastern North America. It is characterized by four distinctive dark stripes running along its body, with a bright blue tail. These skinks are typically brown or gray in color. Four-lined Skinks are primarily terrestrial and can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. They are active during the day and feed on a diet consisting of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Gila Monster

The Gila Monster is a venomous lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is known for its striking appearance, featuring a thick body with black and orange or yellow banding. Gila Monsters are primarily terrestrial and inhabit desert and semi-arid regions. They are slow-moving and primarily active during the day. Gila Monsters have a venomous bite used to immobilize their prey, which consists of small mammals, birds, eggs, and lizards. They are considered one of the few venomous lizards in the world.

Gilbert’s Skink

Gilbert’s Skink, also known as the Northwestern Fence Lizard, is a lizard species found in the western United States and southwestern Canada. It has a slender body and is typically brown or gray in color. These skinks are primarily arboreal and can be found in various habitats, including forests, woodlands, and rocky areas. Gilbert’s Skinks are diurnal and feed on a diet consisting of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates. They are known for their ability to climb trees and vertical surfaces with ease.

Glossy Snake

The Glossy Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a glossy appearance with smooth scales and a slender body. These snakes are nocturnal and spend much of their time burrowing underground or hiding in rock crevices. They primarily feed on small mammals, reptiles, and birds.

Gopher Tortoise

The Gopher Tortoise is a terrestrial turtle species found in the southeastern United States. It has a large, robust body and strong forelimbs for digging burrows. These tortoises are considered a keystone species, as their burrows provide shelter for a wide range of other animals. They are herbivorous, feeding on grasses, leaves, and fruits.

Granite Night Lizard

The Granite Night Lizard is a small lizard species found in rocky habitats of California. It has a compact body and a rough-textured skin, which provides excellent camouflage among granite rocks. These lizards are primarily active at night, hence their name, and spend their days hiding in crevices or under rocks. Granite Night Lizards feed on a variety of small invertebrates and are an important part of the ecosystem in their native range.

Gray-banded Kingsnake

The Gray-banded Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body with distinctive gray bands or stripes on a black or dark brown background. These snakes are adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, woodlands, and rocky areas. Gray-banded Kingsnakes are constrictors and feed on a diet consisting of rodents, lizards, and other snakes.

Great Basin Gopher Snake

The Great Basin Gopher Snake is a large non-venomous snake species found in the western United States. It has a robust body and can reach impressive lengths. These snakes are typically tan, yellow, or light brown in color, with dark blotches or spots along their body. Great Basin Gopher Snakes are excellent burrowers and are often found in sandy or loamy soils. They primarily feed on small mammals, including gophers, rodents, and rabbits.

Great Basin Rattlesnake

The Great Basin Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the western United States. It has a heavy body and distinctive rattles at the end of its tail. These snakes are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and mountainous regions. Great Basin Rattlesnakes have venomous bites used to subdue their prey, which consists of small mammals, birds, and lizards.

Great Plains Skink

The Great Plains Skink is a small lizard species found in the central and western United States. It has a slender body and smooth scales, typically brown or gray in color. These skinks are terrestrial and can be found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and shrublands. Great Plains Skinks are diurnal and feed on a diet consisting of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Greater Earless Lizard

The Greater Earless Lizard is a small lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and lacks external ear openings, hence its name. These lizards are highly adapted to arid environments and are often found in desert scrublands, sandy areas, and rocky habitats. Greater Earless Lizards are diurnal and feed on a diet consisting of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates. They are known for their swift movements and ability to camouflage in their surroundings.

Green Anole

The Green Anole, also known as the American Chameleon, is a lizard species found in the southeastern United States and the Caribbean. It has the ability to change color, although it is not a true chameleon. These anoles are arboreal and are often found in trees and shrubs. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Green Lizard

The Green Lizard, also known as the European Green Lizard, is a lizard species found in Europe and parts of Asia. It has a bright green coloration, especially in males, and a long tail. These lizards are arboreal and can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. They feed on insects, small vertebrates, and vegetation.

Green Turtle

The Green Turtle is a large sea turtle species found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. It has a streamlined body and a greenish-brown carapace. These turtles are primarily herbivorous, feeding on seagrasses and algae. They are known for their long migrations between feeding and nesting grounds.

Ground Skink

The Ground Skink is a small lizard species found in the southeastern United States. It has a shiny appearance with brown or black coloration and small limbs. These skinks are terrestrial and can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and suburban areas. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Hawksbill Turtle

The Hawksbill Turtle is a critically endangered sea turtle species found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. It has a distinctively shaped beak-like mouth and a colorful shell with overlapping scutes. These turtles primarily feed on sponges and other invertebrates found on coral reefs. They play an important role in maintaining the health of coral reef ecosystems.

Honduran Milk Snake

The Honduran Milk Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in Central America. It has a striking pattern of red, black, and yellow or white bands. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. They are primarily nocturnal and feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Hopi Rattlesnake

The Hopi Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a pattern of light brown or grayish bands on a darker background. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including deserts, canyons, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and lizards.

Knight Anole

The Knight Anole, also known as the Cuban Knight Anole, is a large lizard species native to Cuba and the Bahamas. It has a robust body and a prominent dewlap. These anoles are arboreal and can be found in forests, gardens, and urban areas. They are opportunistic feeders, consuming insects, small vertebrates, and even fruits.

Leaf-toed Gecko

The Knight Anole is a small gecko species found in the Caribbean region, including the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola. It has a slender body and specialized adhesive toe pads that allow it to climb surfaces. These geckos are primarily nocturnal and are commonly found on trees and shrubs. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Leatherback Sea Turtle

The Leatherback Sea Turtle is the largest turtle species and is found in oceans worldwide. It has a unique leathery shell instead of a hard one, and a distinctive ridged appearance. These turtles are highly migratory and can travel long distances. They primarily feed on jellyfish and other soft-bodied marine organisms.

Lesser Earless Lizard

The Lesser Earless Lizard is a small lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and lacks external ear openings. These lizards inhabit a variety of habitats, including desert grasslands and rocky areas. They are diurnal and feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Loggerhead Sea Turtle

The Loggerhead Sea Turtle, scientifically known as Caretta caretta, is a large marine turtle that is widely distributed across the world’s oceans. They are named for their relatively large heads and powerful jaws. Loggerhead Sea Turtles are known for their reddish-brown carapace (shell) and can reach impressive sizes, with adults typically measuring 3 to 4 feet in length and weighing up to 300 pounds. They have a long lifespan, with some individuals living over 50 years.

Long-Nosed Snake

The Long-Nosed Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and a distinctive long, pointed snout. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and lizards.

Longnose Leopard Lizard

The Longnose Leopard Lizard is a lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and a long, tapering snout. These lizards are diurnal and are often found in open grasslands, desert scrub, and rocky areas. They feed on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Mangrove Salt Marsh Snake

The Mangrove Salt Marsh Snake, scientifically known as Nerodia clarkii compressicauda, is a non-venomous snake species that inhabits coastal areas and estuarine habitats, particularly mangroves and salt marshes. They have a relatively slender body, ranging from light brown to grayish in color, with dark blotches along their length. These snakes are well-adapted to their aquatic environment and are excellent swimmers. They feed on a diet consisting mainly of small fish, amphibians, and invertebrates found in their habitat.

Mediterranean Gecko

The Mediterranean Gecko is a small gecko species native to the Mediterranean region and parts of the Middle East. It has a slender body and large eyes. These geckos are nocturnal and are commonly found on walls, buildings, and rock crevices. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Mexican Kingsnake

The Mexican Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in Mexico and parts of the southwestern United States. It has a pattern of black or brown bands on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. They are constrictors and primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Mexican Milk Snake

The Mexican Milk Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in Mexico and parts of Central America. It has a pattern of red, black, and yellow bands. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Mexican Vine Snake

The Mexican Vine Snake, scientifically known as Oxybelis aeneus, is a slender and arboreal snake species found in various regions of Mexico and Central America. It is known for its distinctive and elongated body, which enables it to navigate through the dense vegetation of its habitat. The Mexican Vine Snake is highly adapted for an arboreal lifestyle, possessing excellent climbing and maneuvering skills.

Milk Snake

The Milk Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a pattern of red, black, and yellow or white bands. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Mississippi Map Turtle

The Mississippi Map Turtle is a freshwater turtle species found in rivers and lakes of the central and southeastern United States. It has a ridged shell and distinctive yellow markings on its head and limbs. These turtles are semi-aquatic and feed on aquatic vegetation, insects, and small invertebrates.

Mojave Black Collared Lizard

The Mojave Black Collared Lizard is a lizard species found in the Mojave Desert of North America. It has a robust body and a black coloration with white or yellow collar markings. These lizards are diurnal and are commonly found on rocky slopes and desert habitats. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Mojave Rattlesnake

The Mojave Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It has a pattern of light-colored bands on a darker background and a rattle on its tail. These snakes inhabit desert regions and are known for their potent venom. They primarily feed on small mammals and reptiles.

Mole Kingsnake

The Mole Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a dark coloration with light speckles and a slender body. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. They feed on small mammals, reptiles, and birds.

Mole Skink

The Mole Skink is a small lizard species found in the southeastern United States. It has a cylindrical body and reduced limbs, adapted for burrowing. These skinks are typically found in sandy or loamy soils and feed on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Morelet’s Crocodile

Morelet’s Crocodile is a crocodile species found in parts of Mexico, Belize, and Guatemala. It has a broad snout and a dark gray or brown coloration. These crocodiles inhabit freshwater habitats such as rivers, lakes, and swamps. They are opportunistic feeders and consume a variety of prey, including fish, amphibians, and small mammals.

Mountain Patchnose Snake

The Mountain Patchnose Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in mountainous regions of North America. It has a slender body and a distinct patch of scales on its nose. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, meadows, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Nelson’s Milk Snake

Nelson’s Milk Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in Mexico and parts of Central America. It has a pattern of red, black, and yellow bands. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Night Snake

The Night Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a small, slender body and is primarily active during the night. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including deserts, woodlands, and rocky areas. They feed on small mammals, reptiles, and invertebrates.

Northern Alligator Lizard

The Northern Alligator Lizard, scientifically known as Elgaria coerulea, is a species of lizard found in the western United States and southwestern Canada. It is one of the largest native lizards in its range, reaching lengths of up to 12 inches. This lizard’s name is derived from its appearance, as it has rough, keeled scales and a robust body, reminiscent of an alligator.

Northern Copperhead

The Northern Copperhead is a venomous snake species found in the eastern United States. It has a pattern of copper-colored bands on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, rocky areas, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and amphibians.

Northern Pacific Rattlesnake

The Northern Pacific Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found along the Pacific Coast of North America. It has a pattern of dark brown or gray blotches on a lighter background and a rattle on its tail. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Northern Ribbon Snake

The Northern Ribbon Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and a distinctive pattern of long, thin stripes along its back. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including wetlands, marshes, and meadows. They primarily feed on small amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.

Northern Ringneck Snake

The Northern Ringneck Snake is a small non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and a distinctive ring around its neck. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as earthworms and slugs.

Northern Water Snake

The Northern Water Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in eastern North America. It has a thick body and is well adapted to aquatic habitats. These snakes inhabit a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, lakes, and ponds. They feed on fish, amphibians, and invertebrates.

Olive Ridley Sea Turtle

The Olive Ridley Sea Turtle is a marine turtle species found in warm waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It has a heart-shaped shell and olive-green coloration. These turtles undertake long migrations and nest in large groups. They primarily feed on jellyfish, algae, and crustaceans.

Orangethroat Whiptail

The Orangethroat Whiptail is a lizard species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and a distinctive orange throat. These lizards are diurnal and are commonly found in arid habitats, such as deserts and grasslands. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Ornate Cantil

The Ornate Cantil is a venomous snake species found in Mexico and parts of Central America. It has a thick body and a pattern of dark blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and marshes. They primarily feed on small mammals and reptiles.

Osage Copperhead

The Osage Copperhead is a venomous snake species found in the central United States. It has a pattern of copper-colored bands on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, rocky areas, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and amphibians.

Pacific Gopher Snake

The Pacific Gopher Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in western North America. It has a robust body and a pattern of dark blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and desert areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Painted Turtle

Painted Turtles are a group of colorful freshwater turtles found across North America. They are named for their vibrant and distinctive shell patterns, which often feature red, yellow, and black markings. These turtles are known for their ability to bask in the sun on logs or rocks, often seen lined up together. They are omnivorous, feeding on a diet that includes aquatic plants, insects, small fish, and invertebrates.

Pine Snake

The Pine Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a large, sturdy body and a pattern of dark blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit pine forests and sandy areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Pine Woods Snake

The Pine Woods Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It has a slender body and a pattern of dark stripes on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit pine forests and are often found under debris or logs. They primarily feed on small reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.

Plains Blackhead Snake

The Plains Blackhead Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in central and western North America. It has a small body and a distinct black head. These snakes inhabit grasslands, prairies, and shrublands. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as insects and spiders.

Prairie Kingsnake

The Prairie Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in the central and western United States. It has a robust body and a pattern of brown or black blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit prairies, grasslands, and open woodlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Prairie Skink

The Prairie Skink is a small lizard species found in the central United States and Canada. It has a long, slender body and smooth scales. These skinks inhabit grasslands, prairies, and open areas with loose soil. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Pueblan Milk Snake

The Pueblan Milk Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in Mexico. It has a pattern of bright red, black, and yellow bands. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Queen Snake

The Queen Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in eastern North America. It has a slender body and a dark coloration with yellow stripes on its belly. These snakes inhabit freshwater habitats, such as rivers and streams. They feed on aquatic prey, including fish, amphibians, and invertebrates.

Razorback Musk Turtle

The Razorback Musk Turtle is a small freshwater turtle species found in the southeastern United States. It has a distinct sharp keel along its shell, giving it a “razorback” appearance. These turtles inhabit slow-moving rivers, swamps, and marshes. They primarily feed on aquatic vegetation, small invertebrates, and fish.

Red Coachwhip

The Red Coachwhip is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and a solid red or reddish-brown coloration. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and scrublands. They are swift and agile predators, feeding on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Red Diamond Rattlesnake

The Red Diamond Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. It has a pattern of diamond-shaped blotches on a lighter background, ranging in color from gray to reddish-brown. These snakes inhabit desert regions and rocky slopes. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Red Milk Snake

The Red Milk Snake, also known as Lampropeltis triangulum syspila, are non-venomous snakes found in North America. They are characterized by their striking red, black, and white banding pattern, which is thought to mimic the coloration of the venomous coral snake. Red milk snakes are primarily nocturnal and are skilled climbers, often found in woodland habitats. They feed on a diet of small rodents, lizards, and occasionally other snakes.

Red-eared Slider

The Red-eared Slider is a freshwater turtle species commonly kept as pets. It has a distinctive red patch behind each eye. These turtles are native to the southern United States and are also found in various other regions due to their popularity in the pet trade. They inhabit lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers and feed on aquatic plants, insects, and small invertebrates.

Redbelly Snake

The Redbelly Snake is a small non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and a reddish-orange or pinkish belly. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, wetlands, and grasslands. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as worms and slugs.

Redbelly Water Snake

The Redbelly Water Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It has a slender body and a reddish-orange or pinkish belly. These snakes are primarily aquatic and inhabit various freshwater habitats, including rivers, lakes, and marshes. They feed on fish, amphibians, and invertebrates.

Redstripe Ribbon Snake

The Redstripe Ribbon Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and a distinct red stripe running along its back. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including wetlands, marshes, and meadows. They primarily feed on small amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.

Regal Ringneck Snake

The Regal Ringneck Snake is a small non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and a distinctive ring around its neck. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as earthworms and slugs.

Rock Rattlesnake

The Rock Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the western United States and Mexico. It has a stout body and a pattern of blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit rocky areas, cliffs, and canyons. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Rosy Boa

The Rosy Boa is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a thick body and a pattern of dark blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit desert regions and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, such as rodents.

Rough Earth Snake

The Rough Earth Snake is a small non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and rough scales. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and gardens. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as earthworms and slugs.

Rough Green Snake

The Rough Green Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and bright green coloration. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Roundtail Horned Lizard

The Roundtail Horned Lizard, also known as the Desert Horned Lizard, is a reptile species found in North America. It has a rounded body and horn-like scales on its head and back. These lizards are well adapted to arid environments, such as deserts and semi-deserts. They primarily feed on ants and other small invertebrates.

Rubber Boa

The Rubber Boa, scientifically known as Charina bottae, is a unique and docile species of snake found in western North America. They are named for their rubbery and smooth skin texture, which sets them apart from other snakes. With their short and stout bodies, they resemble a large earthworm. Rubber boas are primarily fossorial, spending much of their time burrowing in loose soil or hiding under rocks and logs. They are known for their gentle disposition and often curl into a ball when threatened. Their diet consists mainly of small mammals, such as mice and voles.

Ruin Lizard

The Ruin Lizard, also known as the Mogollon Rim Whiptail, is a lizard species found in the southwestern United States. It has a slender body and is typically brown or gray with darker markings. These lizards are commonly found in rocky areas, canyons, and desert regions. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Sagebrush Lizard

The Sagebrush Lizard is a small lizard species found in western North America. It has a slender body and is typically gray or brown with scales that can change color. These lizards are well adapted to arid habitats, such as sagebrush plains and rocky slopes. They primarily feed on insects and spiders.

San Diego Mountain Kingsnake

The San Diego Mountain Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in California, particularly in the San Diego region. It has a slender body and a pattern of black and red or orange bands. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including woodlands and chaparral. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Sand Skink

The Sand Skink is a small lizard species found in the southeastern United States. It has a cylindrical body and is well adapted to sandy habitats. These skinks are primarily fossorial, spending much of their time burrowing in loose soil. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Scarlet Kingsnake

The Scarlet Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It has a pattern of black, yellow, and red bands. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small reptiles, such as lizards and other snakes.

Schott’s Whipsnake

Schott’s Whipsnake, also known as the California Whipsnake, is a non-venomous snake species found in western North America. It has a slender body and is typically green or brown with a lighter underbelly. These snakes are commonly found in woodlands, grasslands, and chaparral. They primarily feed on lizards, small mammals, and birds.

Sharptail Snake

The Sharptail Snake is a small non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and a distinctive sharp spine at the tip of its tail. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as insects and spiders.

Short-tailed Snake

The Short-tailed Snake, also known as the Arizona Coral Snake, is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. It has a slender body and a pattern of red, black, and yellow bands. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small reptiles, such as lizards and other snakes.

Sidewinder

The Sidewinder is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It has a unique way of locomotion, moving sideways with a serpentine motion. These snakes are well adapted to desert environments, such as sandy dunes and scrublands. They primarily feed on small mammals and lizards.

Sinaloan Milk Snake

The Sinaloan Milk Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in Mexico. It has a pattern of red, black, and yellow or white bands. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Six-lined Racerunner

The six-lined Racerunner is a small lizard species found in North America. It has a slender body and six distinct longitudinal stripes running along its body. These lizards are commonly found in open areas, such as grasslands, deserts, and sandy habitats. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Slender Glass Lizard

The Slender Glass Lizard is a legless lizard species found in North America. It has a long, slender body and smooth scales. These lizards resemble snakes but have eyelids and external ear openings. They inhabit a range of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and shrublands. They primarily feed on insects, small reptiles, and invertebrates.

Smooth Green Snake

The Smooth Green Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and bright green coloration. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including meadows, marshes, and wetlands. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Sonoran Gopher Snake

The Sonoran Gopher Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It has a robust body and a pattern of brown or black blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Southeastern Five-lined Skink

The Southeastern Five-lined Skink is a small lizard species found in the southeastern United States. It has a slender body and five distinct longitudinal stripes running along its body. These skinks are commonly found in forested areas, moist habitats, and rocky slopes. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Southern Alligator Lizard

The Southern Alligator Lizard is a lizard species found in western North America. It has a long, slender body and rough scales. These lizards are primarily terrestrial and are commonly found in woodlands, forests, and riparian areas. They feed on a variety of prey, including insects, small mammals, and reptiles.

Southern Copperhead

The Southern Copperhead is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It has a stout body and a pattern of chestnut-brown or reddish-brown bands. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, wetlands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Southern Pacific Rattlesnake

The Southern Pacific Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It has a heavy body and a pattern of brown or gray blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake

The Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a stout body and a pattern of speckles or blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit desert regions, rocky slopes, and canyons. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Speckled Kingsnake

The Speckled Kingsnake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a robust body and a pattern of speckles or blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Speckled Racer

The Speckled Racer is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and a pattern of speckles or blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Spiny Softshell Turtle

The Spiny Softshell Turtle is a freshwater turtle species found in North America. It has a flattened shell and a leathery, spiny skin. These turtles are primarily aquatic and inhabit rivers, lakes, and other freshwater bodies. They feed on a variety of prey, including fish, insects, and small invertebrates.

Spiny-tailed Iguana

The Spiny-tailed Iguana is a lizard species found in Mexico and Central America. It has a robust body and distinctive spiny scales on its tail. These iguanas inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on vegetation but may also consume insects and small vertebrates.

Spotted Turtle

The Spotted Turtle is a small freshwater turtle species found in eastern North America. It has a black shell with yellow spots. These turtles inhabit wetlands, marshes, and shallow ponds. They feed on a variety of prey, including insects, worms, and aquatic plants.

Swamp Snake

The Swamp Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in eastern North America. It has a slender body and is typically brown or gray with darker markings. These snakes inhabit wetland areas, including swamps, marshes, and bogs. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as worms and insects.

Texas Banded Gecko

The Texas Banded Gecko is a nocturnal lizard species found in the southern United States and northern Mexico. It has a stout body and distinctive bands on its tail. These geckos are commonly found in arid habitats, such as deserts, rocky areas, and scrublands. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Texas Blind Snake

The Texas Blind Snake, also known as the Plains Threadsnake, is a small snake species found in the southern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and a pink or gray coloration. These snakes are burrowers and are commonly found in soil, leaf litter, and rotting logs. They primarily feed on ants and termites.

Texas Brown Snake

The Texas Brown Snake is a small non-venomous snake species found in the southern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and is typically brown or gray with darker markings. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as worms and slugs.

Texas Coral Snake

The Texas Coral Snake is a venomous snake species found in the southern United States and northeastern Mexico. It has a slender body and a distinctive pattern of red, yellow, and black bands. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and scrublands. They primarily feed on small snakes, lizards, and other reptiles.

Texas Garter Snake

The Texas Garter Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southern United States and northeastern Mexico. It has a slender body and is typically brown or greenish with three longitudinal stripes. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including wetlands, grasslands, and forests. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and amphibians.

Texas Horned Lizard

The Texas Horned Lizard, also known as the Horny Toad, is a lizard species found in the southern United States and northern Mexico. It has a robust body and distinctive horns on its head. These lizards are well adapted to arid habitats, such as deserts and scrublands. They primarily feed on ants and other small invertebrates.

Texas Indigo Snake

The Texas Indigo Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southern United States and northeastern Mexico. It has a robust body and is typically dark blue or black. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Texas Lined Snake

The Texas Lined Snake is a small non-venomous snake species found in the southern United States and northeastern Mexico. It has a slender body and a pattern of dark lines or stripes on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as worms and insects.

Texas Lyre Snake

The Texas Lyre Snake, also known as the Desert Lyresnake, is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and a pattern of light-colored lines on a darker background. These snakes inhabit desert regions, rocky areas, and scrublands. They primarily feed on lizards and other small reptiles.

Texas Rat Snake

The Texas Rat Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southern United States and northeastern Mexico. It has a robust body and is typically brown or gray with darker markings. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Texas River Cooter

The Texas River Cooter is a freshwater turtle species found in the southern United States and northeastern Mexico. It has a large, domed shell and is typically dark brown or black. These turtles inhabit rivers, lakes, and other freshwater bodies. They primarily feed on aquatic plants, but may also consume insects and small invertebrates.

Texas Spiny Lizard

The Texas Spiny Lizard is a lizard species found in the southern United States and northeastern Mexico. It has a robust body and spiny scales on its back. These lizards are commonly found in a range of habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Texas Spotted Whiptail

The Texas Spotted Whiptail is a small lizard species found in the southern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and distinctive spots or blotches on its back. These lizards are commonly found in arid habitats, such as deserts and grasslands. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Texas Tortoise

The Texas Tortoise, also known as the Desert Tortoise, is a land-dwelling turtle species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a domed shell and is typically brown or gray. These tortoises inhabit desert regions, scrublands, and grasslands. They primarily feed on vegetation, such as grasses and cacti.

Tiger Rattlesnake

The Tiger Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It has a heavy body and a pattern of yellow or cream-colored crossbands on a darker background. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Timber Rattlesnake

The Timber Rattlesnake, also known as the Canebrake Rattlesnake, is a venomous snake species found in eastern North America. It has a heavy body and a pattern of dark bands on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, rocky areas, and swamps. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Trans-Pecos Copperhead

The Trans-Pecos Copperhead is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a stout body and a pattern of copper or reddish-brown bands on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Trans-Pecos Rat Snake

The Trans-Pecos Rat Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a slender body and a pattern of dark blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including desert regions, rocky areas, and grasslands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Tree Lizard

The Tree Lizard is a small lizard species found in North America. It has a slender body and is typically green or brown. These lizards are arboreal and are commonly found in trees and shrubs. They primarily feed on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Twin-spotted Rattlesnake

The Twin-spotted Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It has a heavy body and a pattern of paired dark spots on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit desert regions, rocky areas, and canyons. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Two-Striped Garter Snake

The Two-Striped Garter Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a slender body and two distinct longitudinal stripes running along its body. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including wetlands, grasslands, and forests. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as worms and amphibians.

Western Banded Gecko

The Western Banded Gecko is a nocturnal lizard species found in western North America. It has a stout body and distinctive bands on its tail. These geckos are commonly found in arid habitats, such as deserts and rocky areas. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Western Blackhead Snake

The Western Blackhead Snake is a small non-venomous snake species found in western North America. It has a slender body and a distinctive black head. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Western Blind Snake

The Western Blind Snake is a small non-venomous snake species found in western North America. It has a slender body and is typically brown or pink. These snakes are burrowers and are commonly found in soil, leaf litter, and rotting logs. They primarily feed on ants and termites.

Western Coachwhip

The Western Coachwhip is a non-venomous snake species found in western North America. It has a slender body and is typically brown or reddish-brown. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Western Cottonmouth

The Western Cottonmouth, also known as the Water Moccasin, is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States and northeastern Mexico. It has a heavy body and is typically dark brown or black. These snakes inhabit wetland areas, including swamps, marshes, and riverbanks. They primarily feed on fish, amphibians, and small mammals.

Western Diamondback Rattlesnake

The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has a heavy body and a pattern of diamond-shaped markings on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Western Fence Lizard

The Western Fence Lizard, also known as the Blue-belly, is a lizard species found in western North America. It has a robust body and a blue belly. These lizards are commonly found in a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.

Western Fox Snake

The Western Fox Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in the central United States and southwestern Canada. It has a robust body and a pattern of dark blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including grasslands, wetlands, and forests. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Western Hognose Snake

The Western Hognose Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in North America. It has a stout body and a distinctive upturned snout. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including grasslands, woodlands, and deserts. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Western Massasauga

The Western Massasauga is a venomous snake species found in the central United States and southwestern Canada. It has a stout body and a pattern of dark blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including wetlands, prairies, and woodlands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Western Pigmy Rattlesnake

The Western Pigmy Rattlesnake is a venomous snake species found in the southeastern United States. It has a small, slender body and a pattern of dark blotches on a lighter background. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, swamps, and grasslands. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles.

Western Ringneck Snake

The Western Ringneck Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in western North America. It has a slender body and a distinctive ring around its neck. These snakes inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as worms and insects.

Western Skink

The Western Skink is a small lizard species found in western North America. It has a slender body and smooth scales. These skinks are commonly found in a range of habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Western Terrestrial Garter Snake

The Western Terrestrial Garter Snake is a non-venomous snake species found in western North America. It has a slender body and is typically brown or greenish with three longitudinal stripes. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including wetlands, grasslands, and forests. They primarily feed on small invertebrates, such as worms and amphibians.

Western Whiptail

The Western Whiptail is a lizard species found in western North America. It has a slender body and is typically brown or gray with stripes or spots. These lizards are commonly found in arid habitats, such as deserts and grasslands. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.

Wood Turtle

The Wood Turtle is a freshwater turtle species found in eastern North America. It has a medium-sized, domed shell and is typically brown or black with distinctive patterns. These turtles inhabit wooded areas, rivers, and streams. They primarily feed on a variety of plant and animal matter, including fruits, insects, and small vertebrates.

Yellowbelly Sea Snake

The Yellowbelly Sea Snake is a venomous snake species found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It has a slender body and is typically yellow or olive-green with black bands. These snakes are fully aquatic and primarily feed on fish and other marine organisms.

Zebratail Lizard

The Zebratail Lizard is a small lizard species found in North America. It has a slender body and distinctive markings on its tail, resembling zebra stripes. These lizards are commonly found in a range of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, and rocky areas. They primarily feed on insects and other small invertebrates.